مروری بر سموم قارچی مهم خوراک طیور، بیماری‌زایی و روش‌های از بین بردن آنها

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 شعبه مشهد، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه علوم دامی ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری تغذیه دام، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

فعالیت قارچ‌ها در محصولات کشاورزی باعث تولید سموم و ترکیبات شیمیایی در این محصولات می‌شود که تهدیدی جدی برای سلامت حیوانات و انسان‌ها بحساب می‌آید. از مهم‌ترین سموم قارچی موجود در این محصولات می‌توان به آفلاتوکسین B1 (Aflatoxin B1)، دئوکسی نیوالنول (Deoxynivalenol)، زرالنون (Zeralenone)، اکراتوکسین A (Ochratoxin A)، توکسین T2 (T2 Toxin) و فومنسین B1 (Fumonisin B1) اشاره کرد. حضور این سموم در جیره حیوانات، منجر به افزایش تلفات، افزایش ضریب تبدیل غذایی، کاهش بازدهی تولید و در نهایت افزایش هزینه‌های تولید در صنعت پرورش طیور خواهد شد. روش‌های مختلفی برای مهار سموم قارچی پیشنهاد شده است که از جمله آنها می‌توان به استفاده از جاذب‌های معدنی، جاذب‌های آلی، میکروارگانیسم‌ها، متابولیت‌های میکروبی و ترکیبات گیاهی و یا به طور کلی ترکیبی از آنها (مهارکننده سموم قارچی چند جزئی) جهت مهار این سموم و بهبود عملکرد کبد و سیستم ایمنی اشاره نمود. به دلیل تفاوت ماهیت شیمیایی هر یک از سموم قارچی، استفاده از مجموعه مکانیسم‌های مختلف مهار بسیار مؤثرتر عمل نموده، از این رو استفاده از مهارکننده‌های سموم قارچی چند جزئی برای حذف سموم قارچی در جیره طیور منطقی‌تر به نظر می‌رسد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثرات سموم قارچی مختلف در خوراک طیور و همچنین پیامدها و روش‌های مبارزه و مهار این سموم انجام شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review on Important Poultry Feed Mycotoxins, their Pathogenicity and Methods of Combating

نویسندگان [English]

  • ehsan Oskoueian 1
  • farough kargar 2
  • hasan kermanshahi 3
  • mahdi salaripour 4
1 Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
2 PhD student in poultry nutrition, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 PhD Student in Animal Nutrition, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Mycotoxins are chemical compounds produced by fungi in the agricultural products that pose a serious threat to animals and humans health. The most important mycotoxins are aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin a, T2 toxin, and fumonisin B1. The presence of these mycotoxins in animal diets could impair feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, increased production costs, and ultimately reduced production efficiency in the poultry industry. Methods of inhibiting mycotoxins are including dietary application of mineral adsorbents, organic adsorbents, microorganisms, microbial metabolites, and plant bioactive compounds in individual or combination forms. These compounds inhibit the myctoxins through chelationg, degradation, biotransformation, or enhancing the liver function and the immune system against mycotoxins toxicity. Due to the differences in the chemical nature of each mycotoxins, considering the different inhibitory mechanisms in mycotoxin inhibitors in mandatory. Hence, the use of broad-spectrum mycotoxins inhiboitors seems to be necessary to eliminate wide variety of mycotoxins in poultry diets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • mycotoxins inhibitor
  • plant bioactive compounds
  • biotransformation
  • aflatoxin
  • zearalenone
  • ochratoxin
  • fumonisin
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