مروری جامع بر اثرات استفاده از مخمر بر تنظیم تخمیر در شکمبه، بهبود راندمان تولید و سلامت در نشخوارکنندگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه تحقیق و توسعه مجموعه خوشه صنعتی آرکا و شرکت دانش بنیان توسعه مکمل زیست فناور آریانا، مشهد، ایران

2 دکتری تغذیه دام، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری تغذیه دام، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 کارشناسی ارشد ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

5 دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به نیاز روزافزون جوامع بشری به تولیدات دامی، مزارع پرورش دام به سمت صنعتی شدن پیش رفته است. لذا با افزایش تولید، استفاده از منابع کربوهیدراتی با قابلیت تخمیر بالا در جیره دام‌ها افزایش یافته است. از طرفی عدم سازگاری دستگاه گوارش نشخوارکنندگان به این نوع سیستم تغذیه‌ای باعث بروز بیماری‌های متابولیکی مختلف و کاهش عمر اقتصادی گله می‌شود. همچنین تحقیقات نشان داده است که افزودن آنتی‌بیوتیک به خوراک گاوها باعث افزایش رشد، کاهش ضریب تبدیل، بهبود عملکرد تولید و تولید مثل می‌شود. اما استفاده طولانی مدت از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها باعث افزایش مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی در دام و مصرف‌کنندگان محصولات دامی می‌شود. به همین خاطر یافتن جایگزینی مناسب برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها نظیر پروبیوتیک‌ها امری ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. استفاده از مخمر در تغذیه نشخوارکننندگان سبب استقرار و حفظ تعادل جمعیت باکتری‌های مفید، افزایش هضم فیبر، بهبود عملکرد شکمبه، تنظیم pH شکمبه و کاهش شیوع بیماری‌های متابولیکی می‌شود. همچنین نشان داده شده است که جیره حاوی مخمرها، عملکرد تولید شیر، تداوم شیردهی و کیفیت شیر را بهبود می‌بخشد. پروبیوتیک‌ها می‌توانند با رقابت بر سر مواد غذایی، تولید ترکیبات ضد میکروبی، خنثی نمودن سموم تولید شده توسط این میکروارگانیسم‌ها، میزان ابتلا به عفونت‌های روده‌ای و التهاب را کاهش ‌دهند. همچنین حضور ترکیبات مؤثری مانند بتاگلوکان‌ها و مانان‌ها در دیواره سلولی مخمر مسمومیت با سموم قارچی را به‌ویژه در نشخوارکنندگان کاهش می‌دهد و با تحریک سیستم ایمنی و تولید آنزیم‌های هضمی نقش مهمی را در بهبود رشد و سلامت دام، تولید مثل، و تولید ایفا می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A comprehensive review of the effects of yeast on the regulation of rumen fermentation, productive efficiency and health in ruminants

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Oskoueian 1
  • Mohammad faseleh Jahromi 1
  • parisa Shokryazdan 1
  • marzieh hajmohammadi 2
  • Mahdi salaripour 3
  • Mohammadreza Ahmadi 4
  • Hila Taghavi 5
  • Mojtaba Moein jahromi 1
1 Research and Development, Arka Industrial Group and Ariana knowledge-based company, Mashhad, Iran
2 PhD, Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 PhD Student in Animal Nutrition, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
4 M.Sc. Genetics and Animal Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
5 Faculty of Veterinary, Babol-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to growing demand of human communities for livestock products, livestock farms have trended towards industrialization.Therefore, with increasing livestock production, the use of highly fermentable carbohydrates has increased in livestock diets. On the other hand, the incompatibility of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants with this feeding method causes the occurrence of various metabolic diseases and reduces the herd's economic longevity. Research has also shown that adding antibiotics to cow diet increases growth, reduces feed conversion ratio, and improves production and reproduction. But the use of antibiotics for long-term increases antibiotic resistance in livestock and consumers of livestock products. Therefore, it seems necessary to find a suitable alternative to antibiotics such as probiotics. The use of yeast in ruminant nutrition improve to establish and maintain the balance of beneficial bacterial populations, increase fiber digestion, improve ruminal function, ruminal pH and reduce the occurrence of various metabolic diseases. Yeast diets have also to improve milk production performance, persistence in dairy cattle, and milk quality. Probiotics can reduce the risk of intestinal infections and inflammation by competing for food, producing antimicrobial compounds, neutralizing toxins produced by these microorganisms. Also, the presence of effective compounds such as beta-glucans and mannas in the yeast cell wall reduces poisoning by fungal toxins, especially in ruminants, and by stimulating the immune system and the production of digestive enzymes, plays an important role in the growth performance, production, reproduction and the immune system in ruminants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rumen Fermentation
  • Production Efficiency
  • Rumen microbial Communities
  • Yeast
  • Ruminants

مراجع

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تازه ها در میکروب شناسی دامپزشکی
دوره 4، شماره 2
اسفند 1400
صفحه 19-40

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 اسفند 1400

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