نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه بیماریهای طیور، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 گروه کشاورزی و دامپزشکی، بنیاد دانشنامه نگاری ایران، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران، ایران
3 گروه بیماری های طیور، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد گرمسار، گرمسار، ایران
5 گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد گرمسار، گرمسار، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The use of antibiotics in food animal production systems has resulted in emergence of antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella that can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. This survey was done to determine Salmonella contamination and to evaluate Salmonella drug resistance in broiler flocks as one of the most important sources of food in Golestan province. In this survey, samples were taken from 52 broiler farms (85 broiler houses) at different ages and, in total, 510 pooled manure samples were collected. Standard cultural method was performed for Salmonella isolation. The serogroup of each isolate was determined by using polyvalent and monovalent Salmonella antisera. The occurrence and the level of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Salmonella isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. Fourteen Salmonella were isolated from 510 pooled samples (2.74%). There was occurrence rate 16.47% in 85 houses. Three isolates belonged to group D, 9 isolates belonged to group C and 2 isolates did not belong to serogroups A to D. Thirteen different patterns of resistance were found. All of the isolates (100%) were sensitive to ceftriaxone and cefixime and resistant to nalidixic acid, flumequine, chlortetracycline, tylosin, erythromycin and doxycycline. Multiple resistances to at least four antimicrobial drugs were observed in all isolates. The highest resistance rate was found against most prevalent drugs in poultry industry reinforcing this hypothesis that wide usage of drugs results in the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
کلیدواژهها [English]
2- Dalton CB, Gregory J, Kirk MD, Stafford RJ, Givney R, Kraa E et al. Foodborne disease outbreaks in Australia, 1995 to 2000. Commun Dis Intell. 2004; 28(2):211-214.
3- Lynch M, Painter J, Woodruff R, Braden C. Centers for disease control and prevention. Surveillance for foodborne-disease outbreaks United States, 1998-2002. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2006; 55(10):1-42.
4- Much P, Pichler J, Allerberger F. Foodborne infectious outbreaks, Austria 2005. Wien Klin Wochenschr. . 2007; 11 (5-6):139-141.
5- Meldrum RJ, Wilson IG. Salmonella and Campylobacter in United Kingdom retail raw chicken in 2005. J Food Protect. 2007; 70:1937-1939.
6- Zahraei Salehi MT. Salmonella. University of Tehran press, Tehran, Iran: 1999; 24-29. [Book in Persian]
7- Kikuvi GM, Ombui JN, Mitema ES. Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from pigs at slaughter in Kenya. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2010; 4(4):243-248.
8- Fallah SH, Asgharpour F, Naderian Z, Moulana Z. Isolation and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns in Non- typhoid Salmonella Spp. isolated from chicken. Enterpathog. 2013; 1(1):17-21. [Article in Persian].
9- Layton AN, Galyov EE. Salmonella-induced enteritis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2007; 9(18):1-17.
10- Solghan SM, Dumas NB, Root TP, Quinlan TM, Armstrong LR, Spina NL et al. Multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella in New York State’s foodborne diseases active surveillance network counties. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010; 7(2):167-73.
11- Soltan Dallal MM, Taremi M, Gachkar L, Modarressi SH, Sanaei M, Bakhtiari R et al. Characterization of antibiotic resistant patterns of Salmonella serotypes isolated from beef and chicken samples in Tehran. Jundishapour J Microbiol. 2009; 2(4):124-131. [Article in Persian].
12- Voetsch AC, Van Gilder TJ, Angulo FJ, Farley MM, Shallow S, Marcus R, et al. FoodNet estimate of the burden of illness caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38 Suppl 3:S127-134.
13- Waltman WD, Gast RK, Mallinson ET. Salmonellosis. In: Swayne DE, Glisson JR, Jackwood MM, Pearson JE, and Read WM. A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens, 4th ed. Pennsylvania: American Association of Avian Pathologists; 1998.
14- Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Testing. 2006; 16th informational supplement. Wayne, PA: CLSI.
15- Gast RK. Salmonella infection. In: Saif YM, Fadly AM, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Swayne DE. Diseases of Poultry. 12th ed. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing; 2008; P.636-651.
16- Atabay Z. Bacteriologic survey of hepatic and cardiac lesions in commercial poultry carcasses. DVM thesis, 3482, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; December, 2013 (Thesis in Persian).
17- Ezatpanah E, Moradi Bidhendi S, Khaki P, Ghaderi R, Seyedan Jasbi E, Moghtadaee Far S. Isolation, serotyping and antibiotic-resistance pattern of isolated Salmonella from chicken of Arak. Iranian Vet J, 2013; 39(2):88-96. [Article in Persian].
18- Eram N, Peighambari, SM, Yazdani A. Study on Salmonella spp. in broiler farms around Ghaemshahr: determination of serotypes and their drug resistance. J Vet Lab Res. 2013; 5:85-94. [Article in Persian].
19- Peighambari SM, Morshed R, Shojadoost B, Nikpiran H, Haghbin Nazarpak H, Khakpour M et al. Occurrence of Non-typhoid Salmonella in Mazandaran and Gilan Iranian J Vet Clinic Sci. [Article in Persian]. (In Press).
20- Morshed R. Bacteriological study of broiler flocks (Salmonella contamination) in Amol city. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi Vet J. 2012; 97:23-28. [Article in Persian].
21- Peighambari SM, Sorahi Nobar M, Morshed R. Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis among serogroup C Salmonella isolates from poultry using PCR and determination of drug resistance patterns. Iranian Vet J, 2015; 11(2):54-61. [Article in Persian].
22- Rahmani M, Peighambari SM, Svendsen CA, Cavaco LM, Agerso Y, Hendriksen, RS. Molecular clonality and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enteric serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in three Northern regions of Iran. BMC Vet Res. 2013; 9:66.
23- Schwarz S, Kehrenbery C, Walsh TR. Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production. Int. Antimicrob. Agents. 2001; 17:431-437.
24- Butaye P, Michael BM, Schwarz S, Barret TJ, Brisabois A, White DG. The clonal spread of multidrug – resistance nontyphi Salmonella serotypes. Microb. Infect. 2006; 8:1891-1997.
25- FDA. Extera label use and antibacterials. 2014. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/AntimicrobialResistance/ucm421527.htm