Molecular detection of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in tick vectors in rural areas of eastern Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

3 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a deadly viral infection (mortality rate between 3 and 30%) reported from more than 30 countries. The disease is common between humans and animals and can be transmitted through tick bites, contact with blood and secretions or carcasses of infected animals and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CCHF virus in ticks isolated from domestic livestock in rural areas of Birjand City in South Khorasan Province. In this study, 390 livestock including 167 sheep, 205 goats, 9 cows and 9 camels were sampled in four villages (Nofarest, Hassanabad, Amirabad and Shaukatabad) of Birjand County. Eight species of hard ticks were identified, including Rhipicephalus sanguineus (21.9%), Hyalomma detritium (25%), Hyalomma marginatum (2.4%), Hyalomma anatolicum (0.8%), Hyalomma asiaticum (1.6%), Hyalomma dromedarii (43). %) and other Hyalomma (4.7%). The presence of virus was confirmed in 15.9% of the samples sent to the laboratory by reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The virus was observed in Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma detritium and Hyalomma asiaticum. The most infected hosts were sheep and goats, and the ticks caught were all from lowland areas. The villages of this region can be considered endemic for CCHF. Therefore, it is recommended to follow controlling and monitoring policies in the region more carefully.

Keywords

References

1- Abdoli, R. et al. The Distribution of Hard Ticks as a Vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Border Areas in the North West of Iran. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 2019; 17(1): 71–82.
2- Ahi, M.R., Pourmahdi Borujeni,  mahdi, Haji Hajikolaei, M.R. and Seifi Abad Shapouri, M.R. A Serological Survey on Antibodies against Akabane Virus in Sheep in Southwest of Iran TT  -. Virusj, 2015; 9(2): 20–25.
3- Alam, M.M. et al. Surveillance of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Pakistan. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2017; 17(8): 806.
4- Albayrak, H., Ozan, E. and Kurt, M. Molecular Detection of Crimean‐Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) but not West Nile Virus (WNV) in Hard Ticks from Provinces in Northern Turkey. Zoonoses and Public Health, 2010; 57(7‐8): e156–e160.
5- Champour, M. et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in East and Northeast of Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 2016; 10(2): 168.
6- Ergonul, O.rimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: new outbreaks, new discoveries. Current Opinion in Virology, 2012; 2(2): 215–220.
7- Ergonul, O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2006; 6(4): 203–214.
8- Farhadpour, F. et al. Molecular detection of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from infested livestock populations in a New Endemic Area, South of Iran. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2016; 21(3): 340–347.
9- Ignatiev, P. Afghanistan: Balancing between Pakistan and Iran. Indian Journal of Asian Affairs, : 2014; 43–62.
10- Iran, S. C. of. "Country livestock statistics". [Online] https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/News/1396/a-dams96.pdf, 2017.
11- Kamboj, A. and Pathak, H. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a comprehensive review. Veterinary World, 2013; 6(10).
12- Kayedi, M.H. et al. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus clade iv (Asia 1) in ticks of western Iran. Journal of Medical Entomology, 2015; 52(5): 1144–1149.
13- Maltezou, H.C. et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Europe: current situation calls for preparedness. Eurosurveillance, 2010; 15(10): 19504.
14- Mehravaran, A. et al. Molecular detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in ticks from southeastern Iran. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, 2013; 4(1–2): 35–38.
15- Mustafa, M.L. et al. Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, Afghanistan, 2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011; 17(10): 1940.
16- Saghafipour, A. et al. Molecular and seroepidemiological survey on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in Northeast of Iran. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2019; 33: 41.
17- Sedaghat, M.M. et al. Vector prevalence and detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Golestan Province, Iran. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 2017; 54(4): 353.
18- Shafei, E., Dayer, M.S. and Telmadarraiy, Z. Molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in northwest of Iran. J Entomol Zool Stud, 2016; 4(5): 150–154.
19- Sharifinia, N. et al. Hard ticks (Ixodidae) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in south west of Iran. 2015.
20- Tekin, S., Bursali, A., Mutluay, N., Keskin, A. and Dundar, E. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in various ixodid tick species from a highly endemic area. Veterinary Parasitology, 2012; 186(3–4): 546–552.
21- Telmadarraiy, Z. et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and molecular survey in Bahar, Hamadan province of Iran. Asian J Anim Vet Adv, 2008; 3(5): 321–327.
22- Telmadarraiy, Z. et al. A survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004–2005. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010; 42(2): 137–141.
23- Telmadarraiy, Z., Chinikar, S., Vatandoost, H., Faghihi, F. and Hosseini-Chegeni, A. Vectors of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 2015; 9(2): 137.
24- Telmadarraiy, Z., SAGHAFIPOUR, A., Farzinnia, B. and Chinikar, S. Molecular detection of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in Qom Province, Iran, 2011-2012.
25- Walker, A.R. Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: A Guide to Identification of Species. Bioscience Reports Edinburgh, 2003.
26- Wallace, M.R. et al. Endemic infectious diseases of Afghanistan. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2002; 34(Supplement_5): S171–S207.
27- Yaser, S.A. et al. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever: a molecular survey on hard ticks (Ixodidae) in Yazd Province, Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2011; 4(1): 61–63.
New Findings in Veterinary Microbiology
Volume 2, Issue 2
April 2020
Pages 75-83

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 October 2020
  • Revise Date: 16 October 2020
  • Accept Date: 21 October 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics