مقایسه اثرات تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک ایجاد شده توسط ژنوتیپ‌هایVII.2 و VII.1.1 ویروس‎ نیوکاسل در جوجه‌های SPFو تجاری تخم‌گذار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه میکروبیولوژی و ایمنی‌شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات واکس و سرم‌سازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

با وجود واکسیناسیون گسترده علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل (NDV) ، این ویروس همچنان در مزارع طیور در گردش است. مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تفاوت تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیکی و وضعیت آنتی‌بادی محافظتی در جوجه‌های آزمایشی آلوده شده با ژنوتیپ‎های VII.2 و VII.1.1 ویروس نیوکاسل فوق حاد انجام شد. در این مطالعه جوجه‌های تجاری تخم‌گذار و SPF (Specific Pathogen-Free)  توسط ژنوتیپ‎های VII.1.1 و VII.2 ویروس نیوکاسل از طریق چشمی–بینی تلقیح گردید. سواب نای و کلواک از تمامی جوجه‌ها در روز چهارم بعد از چالش اخذ و سپس تمامی جوجه‌ها برای نمونه‌گیری بافتی کشته شدند. نمونه‌های بافت نای، پیش‌معده، قلب، کلیه، ریه، طحال، مغز، روده و کبد برای بررسی و درجه‌بندی هیستوپاتولوژی انتخاب گردید. همه‌ی جوجه‌های SPF در48 ساعت اول آزمایش تلف شدند. نتایج آزمایش HI در روز قبل از چالش، سطح آنتی‌بادی در گروه جوجه‌های تجاری را 46/6 و در گروه جوجه‌های SPF را، صفر نشان داد. در نتایج حاصل از هیستوپاتولوژی، آسیب شدیدی در بافت پیش‌معده و قلب مشاهده نشد. در بافت نای دو گروه جوجه SPF آلوده شده با دو ژنوتیپ، خونریزی مشاهده گردید. بیشترین جراحات در بافت ریه و کلیه مشاهده شد که در گروه جوجه‎های SPF شدیدتر بوده و همچنین جراحات حاصل از ویروس VII.2 شدیدتر از سویه VII.1.1 بود. در مجموع با توجه به تیتر آنتی‌بادی محافظ و جراحات هیستوپاتولوژی کمتر در گروه جوجه‌های تجاری، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که آنتی‌بادی موجود در گله‌های تجاری تا حد بالایی از تکثیر ویروس جلوگیری می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of histopathological changes induced by the VII.2 and VII.1.1 genotypes of Newcastle disease virus in SPF chicks and commer-cial layers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi 1
  • Hamideh Najafi 1
  • Niusha haji zamani 1
  • Naser Sadri 1
  • Zahra ZiafatiKafi 1
  • Ali Hojabr Rajeoni 1
  • Shabnam Agha JanTabar 1
  • Mohammad Abdoshah 2
  • Hossein Hosseini 3
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Despite the widespread use of vaccination against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the virus is still circulating in poultry farms. The present study was conducted to measure different histopathological effects and protective antibody levels in experimentally infected chickens with VII.2 and VII.1.1 NDV virulent strains. In this study, commercial layers and SPF(Specific Pathogen-Free) chickens were challenged with NDV genotypes VII.1.1 and VII.2 via oculo-nasal route.  Tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from all chickens on the fourth day after challenge, then chicks were euthanized in order to collect tissue samples. Tissue specimens were chosen from trachea, proventriculus, heart, kidney, lung, spleen, brain, intestine and liver for evaluation and histopathological grading. All SPF chicks were died within the first 48h of experiment. The HI results of a day before challenge revealed the antibody titer of 6.46 in commercial layers and 0 in SPF chicks. The histopathological results did not show any severe damage in tissues of proventriculus and heart. Both SPF groups showed hemorrhages in tracheal tissues. The most lesions were observed in lung and kidney tissues with more severity in SPF chickens and also more severe in VII.2 infected groups rather than the two VII.1.1 infected groups. In conclusion, according to higher antibody titers and lower histopathological lesions in commercial layers, it can be concluded that antibodies in commercial flocks can prohibit viral replication to a great extent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Newcastle disease
  • Histopathology
  • VII.2
  • VII.1.1
  • Commercial chickens
1- Vegad J. Poultry diseases: a guide for farmers and poultry professionals: IBDC Publishers; 2008.
2- Mousa M, Mohammed F, Khalefah H, El-Deeb A, Ahmed K. Comparative serological, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of immune status of broiler chickens experimentally infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus in different ages. Int J Vet Sci. 2019;8(3):143-50.
3- Manual O. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Chapers. 2012;2(4):441-2.
4- Wang Y, Duan Z, Hu S, Kai Y, Wang X, Song Q, et al. Lack of detection of host associated differences in Newcastle disease viruses of genotype VIId isolated from chickens and geese. Virol J. 2012;9(1):197.
5- Miller PJ, Koch G. Newcastle disease. Diseases of poultry. 2013;13:89-138.
6- Afonso CL, Amarasinghe GK, Bányai K, Bào Y, Basler CF, Bavari S, et al. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales. Arch Virol. 2016; 161(8): 2351-60.
7- Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Hosseini H, Jabbarifakhr M, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Najafi H, Ghafouri SA, et al. Emergence of a virulent genotype VIIi of Newcastle disease virus in Iran. Avian Pathol. 2018; 47(5): 509-19. [In Persian]
8- Alexander D, Senne D. Newcastle Disease: Diseases of poultry. Lowa State University Press. USA; 2008.
9- Miller PJ, Haddas R, Simanov L, Lublin A, Rehmani SF, Wajid A, et al. Identification of new sub-genotypes of virulent Newcastle disease virus with potential panzootic features. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 29: 216-29.
10- Diel DG, da Silva LH, Liu H, Wang Z, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 1: proposal for a unified nomenclature and classification system of Newcastle disease virus genotypes. Infect Genet Evol. 2012; 12(8): 1770-9.
11- Soltani M, Peighambari S, Pourbakhsh S, Ashtari A, Far AR, Abdoshah M. Molecular characterization of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene among virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Iran. Iran J Vet Res. 2019; 20(1): 1. [In Persian]
12- Dimitrov KM, Abolnik C, Afonso CL, Albina E, Bahl J, Berg M, et al. Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus. Infect Genet Evol. 2019; 74: 103917.
13- Sabouri F, Vasfi Marandi M, Bashashati M. Characterization of a novel VIIl sub-genotype of Newcastle disease virus circulating in Iran. Avian Pathol. 2018; 47(1): 90-9. [In Persian]
14- Dimitrov KM, Ramey AM, Qiu X, Bahl J, Afonso CL. Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus). Infect Genet Evol. 2016; 39: 22-34.
15- Rue CA, Susta L, Cornax I, Brown CC, Kapczynski DR, Suarez DL, et al. Virulent Newcastle disease virus elicits a strong innate immune response in chickens. J Gen Virol. 2011; 92(4): 931-9.
16- Cattoli G, Susta L, Terregino C, Brown C. Newcastle disease: a review of field recognition and current methods of laboratory detection. J Vet Diag Invest. 2011; 23(4): 637-56.
17- Harrison L, Brown C, Afonso C, Zhang J, Susta L. Early occurrence of apoptosis in lymphoid tissues from chickens infected with strains of Newcastle disease virus of varying virulence. J Comp Pathol. 2011; 145(4): 327-35.
18- Suarez D. Avian encephalomyelitis. In (eds: Swayne DE, glisson Jr, McDougald Lr, Nolan LK, Suarez DL, Nair V) Diseases of Poultry 13th edn, Ames. Wiley-Blackwell. 2013.
19- Perozo F, Marcano R, Afonso CL. Biological and phylogenetic characterization of a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus from Venezuela: efficacy of field vaccination. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50(4): 1204-8.
20- Hosseini H, Langeroudi AG, Torabi R. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Iran, 2010–2012. Avian Dis. 2014; 58(3): 373-6. [In Persian]
21- Bancroft JD. Histochemical techniques: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2013.
22- Merino R, Villegas H, Quintana JA, Calderon N. Comparison of the virulence of pathogenic Newcastle disease viruses belonging to the same or different genotypes. Int J Poult Sci. 2011; 10(9): 713-20.
23- Seger W, Langeroudi AG, Karimi V, Madadgar O, Marandi MV, Hashemzadeh M, editors. Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken farms in south of Iraq, 2014–2015. Vet Res Forum; 2016: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
24- Farkas T, Szekely E, Belak S, Kiss I. Real-time PCR-based pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus by use of TaqMan minor groove binder probes. J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47(7): 2114-23.
25- Kumbish PR, Oladele SB, Esievo KAN, Ibrahim NDG, Ahmed JS, Moses GD, et al. Clinico-pathological and Immunohistochemistry of Newcastle Disease in Indigenous Chickens and Some Wild Birds in Plateau State, Nigeria. J Adv Microbiol. 2019: 1-15.
26- El-Mandrawy SA, Ismail SA. Selective hematological, biochemical and pathological alterations of Newcastle virus in naturally infected and vaccinated broilers in Damietta Governorate of Egypt. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine. 2017; 74(2): 139-48.
27- Nakamura K, Ito M, Nakamura T, Yamamoto Y, Yamada M, Mase M, et al. Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in vaccinated chickens: pathogenicity of isolated virus and vaccine effect on challenge of its virus. J Vet Med Sci. 2013: 13-0284.
28- El-Bahrawy A, Zaid A, Sunden Y, Sakurai M, Ito H, Ito T, et al. Pathogenesis of renal lesions in chickens after experimental infection with 9a5b Newcastle disease virus mutant isolate. Vet Pathol. 2017; 54(1): 94-8.
29- Imran M, Aslam A, Tipu M, Yaqub T. Evaluating the infection potential of field prevailing newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus alongwith associated microscopic changes in commercial poultry. japs, J Anim Plant Sci. 2019; 29(5): 1290-8.