تازه ها در میکروب شناسی دامپزشکی

تازه ها در میکروب شناسی دامپزشکی

بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی فیلم ژلاتین–کربوکسی ‌متیل ‌سلولز حاوی نانو ذرات نقره و اسانس Echinophora sibthorpiana علیه باکتری ‌های غذازاد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجو دکتری تخصصی بهداشت مواد غذایی، گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،تهران، ایران
2 استاد، گروه بهداشت و کنترل مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران ،تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه بهداشت و کنترل مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران ،تهران، ایران
5 استادیار ، گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،تهران، ایران
چکیده
آلودگی‌های میکروبی مواد غذایی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های بهداشت عمومی محسوب می‌شوند و توسعه بسته‌بندی‌های زیست‌فعال با قابلیت مهار رشد میکروارگانیسم‌ها از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی فیلم‌های ژلاتین-کربوکسی ‌متیل سلولز حاوی نانوذرات نقره و اسانس خوشاریزه (Echinophora sibthorpiana) علیه برخی باکتری‌های مهم غذازاد می باشد.
اسانس خوشاریزه به روش تقطیر با آب و دستگاه کلونجر استخراج و ترکیبات آن توسط GC-MS شناسایی شد. نانوذرات نقره به روش زیستی سنتز گردیدند. فیلم‌های ژلاتین-کربوکسی‌متیل سلولز حاوی نانوذرات نقره (۰/۰۱۵ درصد) و اسانس خوشاریزه در غلظت‌های ۰/۳ و ۰/۶ درصد به روش ریخته‌گری محلول تهیه شدند. فعالیت ضد میکروبی فیلم‌ها علیه استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز، اشریشیا کلی و سالمونلا تیفی‌موریوم با استفاده از روش انتشار دیسک ارزیابی شد.
مهم‌ترین ترکیبات اسانس خوشاریزه Ocimene با۲۶/۹۸ درصد ، 2,3-Dimethyl-cyclohexa-1,3-diene (۸/۴۸ درصد) و Alpha-pinene با ۷/۹۹ درصد بودند.
فیلم پایه ژلاتین-کربوکسی‌متیل سلولز فاقد اثر ضد میکروبی بود، اما افزودن نانوذرات نقره موجب ایجاد فعالیت ضد میکروبی معنی‌دار شد. همچنین با افزایش غلظت اسانس خوشاریزه از ۰/۳ به ۰/۶ درصد، قطر هاله عدم رشد در تمامی باکتری‌های مورد بررسی به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی در فیلم حاوی نانوذرات نقره و ۰/۶ درصد اسانس مشاهده شد.
نتایج نشان داد که نانو ذرات نقره و اسانس خوشاریزه موجب افزایش فعالیت ضد میکروبی فیلم‌های ژلاتین-کربوکسی ‌متیل سلولز می شوند و می‌توانند گزینه‌ای بالقوه برای مطالعات تکمیلی در زمینه بسته‌بندی فعال مواد غذایی باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Gelatin–Carboxymethyl Cellulose Film Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Echinophora sibthorpiana Essential Oil Against Foodborne Bacteria

نویسندگان English

Azam Haghjoo 1
Afshin Akhoondzadeh Basti 2
Zhaleh Khoshkhoo 3
Ali Khanjari 4
Marjaneh Sedaghati 5
1 PhD Candidate, Department of Food Science and Technology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary medicine,Tehran University,Tehran,Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary medicine,Tehran University,Tehran,Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Microbial contamination of foods is one of the major public health challenges worldwide, and the development of bioactive packaging systems capable of inhibiting microbial growth has attracted considerable attention. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of gelatin–carboxymethyl cellulose films incorporated with silver nanoparticles and Echinophora sibthorpiana essential oil against selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using a clevenger apparatus, and its chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Silver nanoparticles were synthesized through a green synthesis approach. gelatin–carboxymethyl cellulose films containing silver nanoparticles (0.015%) and Echinophora sibthorpiana essential oil at concentrations of 0.3% and 0.6% were prepared using the solvent-casting method. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium using the disk diffusion assay.
The major constituents of the essential oil were Ocimene (26.98%), 2,3-Dimethyl-cyclohexa-1,3-diene (8.48%), and α-Pinene (7.99%). The gelatin–carboxymethyl cellulose film without active additives exhibited no antimicrobial activity. However, incorporation of silver nanoparticles significantly enhanced the antimicrobial properties of the films. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of Echinophora sibthorpiana essential oil from 0.3% to 0.6% resulted in a significant increase in the inhibition zone diameter against all tested microorganisms. The strongest antimicrobial activity was observed for films containing silver nanoparticles and 0.6% essential oil.
The results demonstrated that silver nanoparticles and Echinophora sibthorpiana essential oil enhanced the antimicrobial activity of gelatin–carboxymethyl cellulose films. These bioactive films could serve as a promising alternative for active food packaging applications and for improving antimicrobial properties.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Antimicrobial activity
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Echinophora sibthorpiana
Gelatin
Silver nanoparticles
1.      Barzegar Mohammadi K, Khanjari A, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Madani SA, Fayazfar S. The hygienic assessment of Tehran universities food courts in 2023. Food Eng Res. 2025;24(2):15-22.[ In Persian].
2.      World Health Organization. Food safety [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024
3.      Tauxe RV. Emerging foodborne pathogens. Int J Food Microbiol. 2002;78(1-2):31-41.
4.      Newell DG, Koopmans M, Verhoef L, Duizer E, Aidara-Kane A, Sprong H, et al. Food-borne diseases: the challenges of 20 years ago still persist while new ones continue to emerge. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010;139(Suppl 1):S3-S15.
5.      Shahidi F, John JA. Oxidation and protection of nuts and nut oils. In: Shahidi F, editor. Tree nuts and health. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2010. p. 274-305.
6.      Coma V. Bioactive packaging technologies for extended shelf life of meat-based products. Meat Sci. 2008;78(1-2):90-103.
7.      Hernández H, Claramount D, Kučerová I, Banout J. The effects of modified blanching and oregano essential oil on drying kinetics and sensory attributes of dried meat. J Food Process Preserv. 2017;41(5):e13141.
8.      Shahnia M, Khaksar R. Antimicrobial effects and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration methods of essential oils against pathogenic bacteria. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2013;7(5):949-955.[ In Persian].
9.      Sánchez-González L, Vargas M, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A, Cháfer M. Use of essential oils in bioactive edible coatings. Food Eng Rev. 2011;3(1):1-16.
10.  Zhang Y, Liu P, Feng X. Characterization and enhancement of carboxymethyl cellulose edible films: a comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;234:127582.
11.  Mekonnen T, Mussone P, Bressler D. Advancements in carboxymethyl cellulose-based films for food packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym. 2023;297:120066.
12.  Yoo S, Krochta JM. Whey protein-polysaccharide blended edible film formation and barrier, tensile, thermal and transparency properties. J Sci Food Agric. 2011;91(14):2628-2636.
13.  Djagny VB, Wang Z, Xu S. Gelatin: a valuable protein for food and pharmaceutical industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2001;41(6):481-492.
14.  Lobo L. Coalescence during emulsification of gelatin on rupture and coalescence. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2002;254:165-174.
15.  Dickinson E, Lopez G. Comparison of the emulsifying properties of fish gelatin and commercial milk proteins. J Food Sci. 2001;66(1):87-92.
16.  Rajan R, Chandran K, Harper SL, Yun SI, Kalaichelvan PT. Plant extract synthesized silver nanoparticles: an ongoing source of novel biocompatible materials. Ind Crops Prod. 2015;70:356-373.
17.  Kumar S, Basumatary IB, Sudhani HPK, Bajpai VK, Chen L, Shukla S, et al. Plant extract mediated silver nanoparticles and their applications as antimicrobials and in sustainable food packaging: a state-of-the-art review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2021;112:651-666.
18.  Firoozi S, Jamzad M, Yari M. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Satureja intermedia C.A. Mey and evaluation of total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. J Nanostruct Chem. 2016;6:357-364.
19.  Lok CN, Ho CM, Chen R, He QY, Yu WY, Sun H, et al. Proteomic analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles. J Proteome Res. 2006;5(4):916-924.
20.  Morais LO, Macedo EV, Granjeiro JM, Delgado IF. Critical evaluation of migration studies of silver nanoparticles present in food packaging: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020;60(18):3083-3102.
21.  Deng W, Liu K, Cao S, Sun J, Zhong B, Chun J. Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of grapefruit essential oil prepared by molecular distillation. Molecules. 2020;25(1):217.
22.  Avijgan M, Saadat M, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Hafizi M. Antifungal effect of Echinophora platyloba extract on some common dermatophytes. J Herb Drugs. 2006;5(18):10-16.
23.  Pilevar Z, Martirosyan D, Ranaei V, Taghizadeh M, Balasjin N, Ferdousi R, et al. Biological activities, chemical and bioactive compounds of Echinophora platyloba DC: a systematic review. Bioact Compd Health Dis. 2024;7(1):1-25.
24.  Şahin O, Kanbolat Ş, Çolak NU, Badem M, Subaş T, Şener SÖ, et al. Investigation of antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Echinophora chrysantha: microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and SPME analysis of its essential oils. Chem Biodivers. 2025;22(2):e202401366.
25.  Ferhat MA, Meklati BY, Smadja J, Chemat F. An improved microwave Clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils from orange peel. J Chromatogr A. 2006;1112(1-2):121-126.
26.  El-Nashar HA, Eldehna WM, Al-Rashood ST, Alharbi A, Eskandrani RO, Aly SH. GC/MS analysis of essential oil and enzyme inhibitory activities of Syzygium cumini grown in Egypt: chemical characterization and molecular docking studies. Molecules. 2021;26(22):6984.
27.  Maciel MVOB, Almeida AR, Machado MH, Melo APZ, Rosa CG, Freitas DZ, et al. Syzygium aromaticum L. (clove) essential oil as a reducing agent for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Open J Appl Sci. 2019;9(2):45-54.
28.  Ediyilyam S, George B, Shankar SS, Dennis TT, Wacławek S, Černík M, et al. Chitosan/gelatin/silver nanoparticles composite films for biodegradable food packaging applications. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(11):1680.
29.  Hematizad I, Khanjari A, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Karabagias IK, Noori N, Ghadami F, et al. In vitro antibacterial activity of gelatin-nanochitosan films incorporated with Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil and its influence on microbial, chemical and sensorial properties of chicken breast meat during refrigerated storage. Food Packag Shelf Life. 2021;30:100751.
30.  Hashemi M, Ehsani A, Jazani NH, Aliakbarlu J, Mahmoudi R. Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Echinophora platyloba DC against some food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Vet Res Forum. 2013;4(2):123-127.
31.  Asghari G, Abedi D, Jalali M, Farsi S. Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical composition of Echinophora platyloba DC essential oils from Isfahan. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2007;10(1):76-82.
32.  Hassanpouraghdam MB, Shalamzari MS, Sepehri N. GC/MS analysis of Echinophora platyloba DC essential oil from northwest Iran: a potential source of (Z)-β-ocimene and α-phellandrene. Chemija. 2009;20(2):120-123.
33.  Soleimani Shadvar M, Moradkhani S. Chemical composition of the essential oils and antioxidant capacity evaluation of Echinophora platyloba DC and Falcaria vulgaris Bernh growing in Hamadan province of Iran. J Med Plants. 2022;21(83):19-34.
34.  Li X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, et al. Gelatin films incorporated with thymol nanoemulsions: physical properties and antimicrobial activities. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;150:161-168.
35.  Clarke D, Tyuftin AA, Cruz-Romero MC, Bolton D, Fanning S, Kerry JP. Incorporation of commercially derived antimicrobials into gelatin-based films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity and impact on physical film properties. Food Control. 2016;64:202-211.
36.  Miri P, Hosseini M, Saifi T. Characterization of physicochemical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of gelatin edible films containing oregano essence. Food Process Preserv J. 2023;15(1):57-74.
37.  Golbashy M, Alizadeh Behbahani B. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of dill leaves and evaluation of its antibacterial activity. J Food Sci Technol (Iran). 2026;23(172):62-71.
38.  Ramezani E, Yoosefi M, Eghbali S, Shafaei E, Tavakoli Kareshk A. Investigating the antibacterial effects of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Lycium ruthenicum extract. Pars J Med Sci. 2024;22(2):24-35.
39.  Pilevar Z, Hosseini H. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Echinophora platyloba DC. J Pharm Nutr Sci. 2013;3(4):270-283.
40.  Jiang B, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Antibacterial activity and action mechanism of Echinops ritro L. essential oil against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2017;20(5):1172-1183.
41.  Saei-Dehkordi SS, Tajik H, Moradi M, Khalighi-Sigaroodi F. Chemical composition and antioxidative activity of Echinophora platyloba DC essential oil and its interaction with natural antimicrobials against food-borne pathogens and spoilage organisms. J Food Sci. 2012;77(11):M631-M637.
42.  Jenabi M, Neyriz Naghadehi M, Mashak Z. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of gelatin/chitosan film activated with nano-emulsion of Echinophora platyloba extract against in vitro foodborne pathogens. J Vet Microbiol. 2024;20(1):117-127.
43.  Rodrigues AS, Figueiredo R, Silva C, et al. Antimicrobial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1440065.
دوره 9، شماره 1
بهار 1405
صفحه 89-99

  • تاریخ دریافت 11 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 خرداد 1405