تازه ها در میکروب شناسی دامپزشکی

تازه ها در میکروب شناسی دامپزشکی

مروری بر انواع پری‌بیوتیک‌های برپایه‌ی مخمر، شاخصه‌ها، ترکیبات فراسودمند و مکانیزم اثر آنها بر فراسنجه‌های رشد و سلامت در طیور

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 مرکز پژوهش‌های صنعتی و معدنی، خوشه صنعتی زیست‌فناور آرکا، مشهد، ایران
2 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
3 گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
امروزه به‌دلیل سوء مصرف آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها، پیدایش میکروارگانیسم‌های بیماری‌زای مقاوم به آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها تهدید جدی برای سلامت طیور تلقی می‌شود. از این رو کاهش مصرف آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها و استفاده از جایگزین‌های آنتی‌بیوتیک یکی از راهکارهای اصلی جهت مبارزه با مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی به‌شمار می‌آید. در این میان، پری‌بیوتیک‌های بر پایه مخمر به‌عنوان یکی از بهترین جایگزین‌های آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها مطرح شده است. از مهم‌ترین پری‌بیوتیک‌های بر پایه مخمر می‌توان به مخمر هیدرولیز شده، مخمر نیمه هیدرولیز شده، مخمر غیر فعال، دیواره سولی مخمر، عصاره مخمر و مخمر اتولیز شده اشاره کرد. پری‌بیوتیک‌های بر پایه مخمر حاوی ترکیبات فراسودمندی نظیر ویتامین‌های گروه B، بتا کاروتن، ارگسترول، اسکوربیک اسید، پلی‌آمین‌ها، مایکوسین‌ها، آنزیم‌ها، بتاگلوکان‌ها و مانان الیگوساکاریدها هستند که بسته به روش تولید و فرآوری مقادیر این ترکیبات در محصول نهایی متفاوت خواهد بود. پری‌بیوتیک‌های بر پایه مخمر در مقابل شرایط اسیدی و قلیایی دستگاه گوارش مقاوم بوده، و از طریق غیر فعال کردن میکروارگانیسم‌های بیماری‌زا، بهبود سیستم ایمنی، تحریک رشد پروبیوتیک‌ها، کمک به استقرار فلور میکروبی مفید در دستگاه گوارش، تحریک تولید اسیدهای چرب فرار، کاهش اسیدیته روده، بهبود رشد و تمایز پرزهای روده، تحریک تولید آنزیم‌ها، افزایش تولید پپتیدهای ضد میکروبی راندمان تولید را در طیور بهبود می‌بخشند. پری‌بیوتیک‌ها همچنین تأثیر بسزایی در کاهش ضریب تبدیل و کاهش تلفات ایفا می‌کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

A review on yeast-based prebiotics, characteristics, bioactive compounds, and their mechanism of action on growth and health parameters in poultry

نویسندگان English

Ehsan Oskoueian 1
Reza Noura 2
Mahdi Salaripour 1
Ehsan Karimi 3
Mohammad faseleh jahromi 1
parisa Shokryazdan 1
Mojtaba Moein jahromi 1
Maryam Noorollahi 1
چکیده English

Nowadays, due to the high application of antibiotics, the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to antibiotics is considered a serious threat to poultry production industry. Therefore, reducing the use of antibiotics and using antibiotic alternatives is one of the main strategies to fight antibiotic resistance. Meanwhile, yeast-based prebiotics have been proposed as one of the best alternatives to antibiotics. The most important yeast-based prebiotics include hydrolyzed yeast, partially-hydrolyzed yeast, inactive yeast, yeast cell wall, yeast extract and autolyzed yeast. Yeast-based prebiotics contain functional compounds in various concentrations such as B vitamins, beta-carotene, ergosterol, ascorbic acid, polyamines, mycosins, enzymes, beta-glucans and mannan oligosaccharides, depending on the production and processing method. Yeast-based prebiotics are resistant to the acidic and alkaline conditions of the digestive system, and by inactivating pathogenic microorganisms, improving the immune system, stimulating the growth of probiotics, helping to establish beneficial microbial flora in the digestive system, and stimulating the production of volatile fatty acids, reducing intestinal acidity, improving the growth and differentiation of intestinal villi, stimulating the production of enzymes, increasing the production of antimicrobial peptides improve the production efficiency in poultry. Prebiotics also play a significant role in reducing the feed conversion ratio and mortality in poultry production industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

autolyzed yeast
mannan oligosaccharide
beta-glucan
yeast extract
yeast wall
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دوره 7، شماره 1
بهار و تابستان
شهریور 1403
صفحه 32-45

  • تاریخ دریافت 12 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 18 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 اردیبهشت 1403